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- American Academy of Clinical Chemistry
- Canadian Cardiovascular Society
- European Society of Cardiology
- European Atherosclerosis Society
- American College of Cardiology
- American Academy of Clinical Endocrinologists
- American Diabetes Association
- National Lipid Association
In patients with Diabetes, Pre-diabetes, or Metabolic Syndrome:
41% of patients with an LDL-cholesterol <70 (formerly considered at lowest 5% of risk) had an LDL Particle number >1300 actually placing them in the top 50% percentile for risk.
(The LDL-cholesterol actually underestimated their risk by a factor of 10!)
W. Cromwell and J. Otvos American Journal of Cardiology 2006; 98: 1599-1602
In typically “healthy” patients:
LDL-Particle number was twice as sensitive in detecting risk as was LDL-cholesterol.
Framingham Offspring Study Comwell Journal of Clinical Lipidology 2007; 1: 583-592
“Given the central causal role of apoB containing lipoproteins in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, direct measurement of … apoB containing lipoproteins to both estimate risk and guide treatment decisions would be ideal.”
– European Heart Journal (2019) 00, 1-78
“ApoB measurements are superior to the measurement or calculation of LDL-Cholesterol and Non-HDL-Cholesterol.”
– EAS/EFLM Consensus Initiative: Quantifying atherogenic lipoproteins. Clin Chem (2018); 64: 1006-1033.